{"id":11025,"date":"2022-03-21T10:31:25","date_gmt":"2022-03-21T09:31:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/world-heart-federation.org\/?post_type=news&p=11025"},"modified":"2022-08-01T17:58:28","modified_gmt":"2022-08-01T15:58:28","slug":"ending-rheumatic-heart-disease-is-achievable-if-we-put-our-heads-and-minds-to-it","status":"publish","type":"news","link":"https:\/\/world-heart-federation.org\/news\/ending-rheumatic-heart-disease-is-achievable-if-we-put-our-heads-and-minds-to-it\/","title":{"rendered":"Ending Rheumatic Heart Disease is achievable if we put our heads and minds to it"},"content":{"rendered":"
This editorial was authored by WHF Director of Policy and Advocacy Jeremiah Mwangi and was first published in FORESIGHT Global Health<\/a> on 19 August 2021.\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n Preventable, yet persistent, Rheumatic Heart Disease (RHD) is the most commonly acquired heart disease in people under 25 years of age. The World Heart Federation (WHF) is committed to the fight to ensure cardiovascular health for everyone<\/a>. Through WHF\u2019s network of Members and the power of personal testimonials, we are spreading awareness that RHD can be prevented, diagnosed, and treated.<\/strong><\/p>\n Prevalent in Europe after World War II, RHD now affects primarily sub-Saharan Africa, the Middle East, South-East Asia, and the Western Pacific. RHD is often referred to as a disease of poverty, affecting low- to middle-income countries but also disadvantaged communities in high-income countries. Transmission is fueled by socioeconomic and environmental factors such as poor housing, undernutrition, and overcrowding.<\/p>\n More than 40 million people still suffer from RHD. Every year, the disease claims over 288,000 lives, and takes a toll on family livelihoods. Most patients do not reach their 40th\u00a0birthday, often experiencing prolonged disability.<\/p>\n Like many respiratory tract infections, the bacterium\u00a0Streptococcus pyogenes\u00a0(group A streptococcus) that causes sore throat can pass easily from person to person. Untreated or inadequately treated streptococcal throat infection, referred to as streptococcal pharyngitis or \u201cstrep throat,\u201d can lead to Rheumatic Fever (RF), which can inflame and scar heart valves and heart muscle. Girls and women face up to double the risk of RHD as men and boys. In fact, women are often only aware they are afflicted once they become pregnant. Increased blood volume puts additional pressure on already vulnerable heart valves, causing heart arrhythmias and heart failure, and leading to complications during pregnancy and delivery, or even death.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n A MULTI-TIERED APPROACH<\/strong><\/p>\n In 2018, the\u00a0World Health Organisation (WHO) Global Resolution on Rheumatic Fever and Rheumatic Heart Disease\u00a0was adopted by Member States. This has helped propel and consolidate awareness and action at the regional and global levels. Sustaining the momentum requires the pooling of resources and collaboration of partners in healthcare, policy-setting, and beyond.<\/p>\n Awareness campaigns to test, prevent and treat symptoms such as sore throat, joint pain and fever make up one pillar of activity in stemming RHD. They include programs advocating for antibiotics such as benzathine penicillin G, a long-acting form of penicillin, to be widely available and affordable, as well as for cardiac care for advanced cases. One such campaign, \u201cColours to Save Hearts<\/a>\u201d, is a partnership the WHF developed and started implementing in Mozambique, a country with an estimated 3% incidence of disease among school-aged children.<\/p>\n The campaign\u2019s programme of work includes distribution of colouring books and crayons in 20 schools to children aged 6-13 years, to help them learn about RHD. Digital stethoscopes, portable ultrasound scanners, and penicillin as well as other antibiotics will be distributed throughout implementation to allow for consistent testing, diagnosis, and treatment. Annual screening campaigns will train around 600 teachers to administer \u201cStrep A\u201d tests to 2,000 children. Health professionals will also be trained in screening, early detection, and monitoring of symptoms and in using medical equipment. WHF will allocate a portion of funds raised through the partnership for surgeries to repair or replace damaged heart valves in patients.<\/p>\n Understanding obstacles and opportunities is a key strand in the fight to end RHD. To support the right strategy for each context, a\u00a0first of its kind study\u00a0examining the costs and benefits of investment in the prevention and management of RHD in the African Union has been published in\u00a0Lancet Global Health. The study shows that mortality can be reduced by 30 per cent and 70,000 lives saved over the next decade by investing $100 million annually in care and treatment such as penicillin and cardiac surgery. The study estimates costs and benefits of different intervention levels and scenarios involving primary, secondary, and tertiary care while offering some eye-opening results.<\/p>\n