Nicaragua

	Overall number of deaths from CVD 8,202
	Crude CVD mortality (per 100,000 population) 126
	Age-standardized CVD mortality (per 100,000 population) 237
	Age-standardized CVD incidence (per 100,000 population) 507
	Prevalence of raised blood pressure (women) 19.9%
	Prevalence of raised blood pressure (men) 21.6%
	Prevalence of tobacco smoking 13.2%
	Action plan for CVDs Yes

Sources

Total number of deaths due to cardiovascular disease in 2019. GBD Compare Data Visualization. Seattle, WA: IHME, University of Washington, 2020.

Source: Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME)

The age-standardized number of deaths from cardiovascular disease per 100,000 population in 2019. Age-standardization is a technique used to better compare disease outcomes across populations. It calculates what the disease outcome would be if the population age-structure were the same for all countries. GBD Compare Data Visualization. Seattle, WA: IHME, University of Washington, 2020.

Source: Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME)

The age-standardized number of newly diagnosed cases of cardiovascular disease per 100,000 population in 2019. Age-standardization is a technique used to better compare disease outcomes across populations. It calculates what the disease outcome would be if the population age-structure were the same for all countries. GBD Compare Data Visualization. Seattle, WA: IHME, University of Washington, 2020

Source: Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME)

Total number of deaths due to cardiovascular disease in 2019. GBD Compare Data Visualization. Seattle, WA: IHME, University of Washington, 2020.

Source: Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME)

Age-Standardized smoking prevalence (%) among individual aged 15 and older.

Source: Global Burden of Disease 2019

Indicates whether or not the country has an operational policy, strategy or action plan for cardiovascular diseases.

Source: WHO Global Health Observatory 2021

Nicaragua had 8,202 deaths from CVD in 2019.

For age-standardized mortality from CVD, it ranks in the bottom 40% of countries when ordering from highest mortality to lowest mortality rates. Nicaragua has relatively high rates of dietary sodium intake in females and dietary sodium intake in males when compared to other countries globally. Out of 8 key CVD-related policies, Nicaragua has implemented 5. It does have a national action plan for CVDs in place and does have an operational unit within the Ministry of Health with responsibility for non-communicable diseases.

Mortality and Prevalence

Indicator	Country Level	Global Level
Number of deaths due to CVD Total number of deaths due to cardiovascular disease in 2019. GBD Compare Data Visualization. Seattle, WA: IHME, University of Washington, 2020. Source: Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME)	8,202
Age-standardized CVD mortality (per 100,000) The age-standardized number of deaths from cardiovascular disease per 100,000 population in 2019. Age-standardization is a technique used to better compare disease outcomes across populations. It calculates what the disease outcome would be if the population age-structure were the same for all countries. GBD Compare Data Visualization. Seattle, WA: IHME, University of Washington, 2020. Source: Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME)	237	240
Age-standardized CVD incidence (per 100,000) The age-standardized number of newly diagnosed cases of cardiovascular disease per 100,000 population in 2019. Age-standardization is a technique used to better compare disease outcomes across populations. It calculates what the disease outcome would be if the population age-structure were the same for all countries. GBD Compare Data Visualization. Seattle, WA: IHME, University of Washington, 2020 Source: Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME)	507	684
Probability of premature mortality from CVDs The probability of dying from CVD between exactly 30 years and exactly 70 years of age. The probability of death is calculated in the absence of competing causes of death so that only the risk of dying from the specific cause is measured. NCD Countdown 2030: worldwide trends in non-communicable disease mortality and progress towards Sustainable Development Goal target 3.4. Lancet. 2018 Sep 22;392(10152):1072-1088. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31992-5. Epub 2018 Sep 20. PMID: 30264707. Source: NCD Countdown 2030 collaborators	1.0%	1.9%
Proportion of all deaths caused by CVD The percentage of all deaths that is caused by cardiovascular disease. GBD Compare Data Visualization. Seattle, WA: IHME, University of Washington, 2020. Source: Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME)	28.1%	31.8%
Age-standardized raised blood pressure prevalence (18 years+) Age-standardized prevalence of raised blood pressure for adults aged 18 years and older (SBP ≥ 140 mmHg or DBP ≥ 90 mmHg). This definition does not include people who have hypertension but whose blood pressure is controlled by taking medication (i.e., taking anti-hypertensive medications and whose blood pressure is < 140/90 mmHg). Source: NCD Risk Factor Collaboration 2015	21.6%	26.3%
Age-standardized mean non-HDL cholesterol in women (mmol/L) (18 years+) Age-standardized mean non-high-density lipoprotein (non-HDL) cholesterol (mmol/L) for women aged 18 years and older. Source: NCD Risk Factor Collaboration 2018	3.46	3.31
Age-standardized mean non-HDL cholesterol in men (mmol/L) (18 years+) Age-standardized mean non-high-density lipoprotein (non-HDL) cholesterol (mmol/L) for men aged 18 years and older. Source: NCD Risk Factor Collaboration 2018	3.28	3.31
Age-standardized diabetes prevalence (18 years+) Age-standardized prevalence of diabetes for adults aged 18 years and older (fasting>=7.00 mmol/L or history of diagnosis with diabetes or or use of insulin or oral hypoglycaemic drugs). Source: NCD Risk Factor Collaboration 2014	9.2%	10.1%
Age-standardized smoking prevalence (15 years+) Age-Standardized smoking prevalence (%) among individual aged 15 and older. Source: Global Burden of Disease 2019	13.2%	20.0%
Mean dietary sodium intake in women (grams/day) (25 years+) Mean dietary sodium intake expressed in grams/day among women aged 25 years and older. Source: Global Burden of Disease 2019	3.6	3.0
Mean dietary sodium intake in men (grams/day) (25 years+) Mean dietary sodium intake expressed in grams/day among men aged 25 years and older. Source: Global Burden of Disease 2019	4.5	3.6
Age-standardized mean alcohol intake in women (grams/day) (15 years+) Mean age-standardized alcohol consumption in women, expressed in grams/day. Source: Global Burden of Disease 2019	2.3	9.5
Age-standardized mean alcohol intake in men (grams/day) (15 years+) Mean age-standardized alcohol consumption in men, expressed in grams/day. Source: Global Burden of Disease 2019	5.9	15.4
Age-standardized obesity prevalence in women (20 years+) Age-standardized prevalence of obesity for women aged 20 years and older (Body Mass Index (BMI) >= 30 kg/m2). Source: NCD Risk Factor Collaboration 2016	36.2%	26.0%
Age-standardized obesity prevalence in men (20 years+) Age-standardized prevalence of obesity for men aged 20 years and older (Body Mass Index (BMI) >= 30 kg/m2). Source: NCD Risk Factor Collaboration 2016	25.3%	18.3%
Age-standardized physical activity levels in women (MET/week) (25 years+) Age-standardized total physical activity in women (MET-min/week). The Metabolic Equivalent of Task (MET) metric measures how much energy an activity consumes compared to being at rest. The amount of MET minutes per week expresses how much energy one has expended while performing various activities throughout the whole week. Source: Global Burden of Disease 2019	4,804	4,905
Age-standardized physical activity levels in men (MET/week) (25 years+) Age-standardized total physical activity in men (MET-min/week). The Metabolic Equivalent of Task (MET) metric measures how much energy an activity consumes compared to being at rest. The amount of MET minutes per week expresses how much energy one has expended while performing various activities throughout the whole week. Source: Global Burden of Disease 2019	6,390	5,378
Ambient air pollution levels (μg/m³) Population weighted average of particulate matter PM2.5, µg/m3. Source: Global Burden of Disease 2019	19.9	25.9

Policies, Practice and Governance

Key:

In place

In process/partially implemented

Not in place

No data

Guidelines for the management of CVDs Indicates whether or not the country has evidence-based national guidelines/protocols/standards for the management of cardiovascular diseases through a primary care approach recognized/approved by government or competent authorities. Source: WHO Global Health Observatory 2021	In place
Action plan for CVDs Indicates whether or not the country has an operational policy, strategy or action plan for cardiovascular diseases. Source: WHO Global Health Observatory 2021	In place
Availability of CVD drugs (ACE inhibitors, aspirin and Beta blockers) in the public health sector Indicates whether or not the country has ACE inhibitors, aspirin (100mg) and Beta blockers generally available in primary health care facilities in the public health sector. Source: WHO Global Health Observatory 2021	In place
National tobacco control programme The tobacco control agency is defined as a national coordinating mechanism with an official government mandate for developing and coordinating the implementation of a plan of action, as well as for building a national infrastructure to carry out the implementation of the plan. Source: WHO Global Health Observatory 2021	In place
Operational unit in Ministry of Health with responsibility for CVDs An operational NCD unit/branch/department is defined as having at least one full-time staff and funding for the following major NCD activities: primary prevention and health promotion; early detection/screening; health care and treatment; and surveillance, monitoring and evaluation. Source: WHO Global Health Observatory 2021	In place
Action plan to reduce physical inactivity Indicates whether or not the country has an operational policy, strategy or action plan for insufficient physical activity. Source: WHO Global Health Observatory 2021	Not in place
Action plan to reduce unhealthy diet related to NCDs Indicates whether or not the country has an operational policy, strategy or action plan for unhealthy diet. Source: WHO Global Health Observatory 2021	Not in place
Action plan to reduce the harmful use of alcohol Indicates whether or not the country has an operational policy, strategy or action plan for alcohol. Source: WHO Global Health Observatory 2021	Not in place

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Nicaragua

Overall number of deaths from CVD

Crude CVD mortality (per 100,000 population)

Age-standardized CVD mortality (per 100,000 population)

Age-standardized CVD incidence (per 100,000 population)

Prevalence of raised blood pressure (women)

Prevalence of raised blood pressure (men)

Prevalence of tobacco smoking

Action plan for CVDs

Nicaragua had 8,202 deaths from CVD in 2019.

Mortality and Prevalence

Policies, Practice and Governance

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